Prevalence and prevention and control effects of malaria in Huangshi, Hubei, 1951-2021 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics, prevention and control strategies, measures and the effects achieved of malaria in Huangshi City from 1951 to 2021, and to offer a reference for further strengthening malaria eradication and control successes. Methods　Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to assess the prevalence, measurements, and impacts of malaria in different time periods based on data for malaria control in Huangshi City from 1951 to 2021, and we created "semi-log" line graphs and charts to display the prevalence of disease and the effort done in prior years in terms of prevention and control. Results　Between 1951 and 2021, 527 780 cases of malaria were recorded in Huangshi, with an average annual incidence rate of 40.07/10 000. The prevention and control of malaria has gone through four stages, namely, the high prevalence of malaria stage (1951-1979), the basic elimination stage (1980-1999), the consolidation stage (2000-2010), and the eradication stage (2011-2021). Different strategies and measures have been adopted in different epidemic periods. During the high epidemic period, great efforts have been made to carry out general surveys and treatments, and strengthen the management of symptomatic patients; during the eradication stage, prominent and classified prevention and control strategies were adopted. When the incidence rate dropped to below 1/10 000, the main measures adopted were malaria monitoring, including timely discovery and standardization of infectious sources, disposal of epidemic points, management of migrant population malaria and vector monitoring. Through active prevention and control, remarkable results were achieved, and the incidence rate of malaria fell to below 1/10 000 in 1989, reaching the level of "basic elimination of malaria" issued by the Ministry in 1999, and passed the provincial malaria elimination acceptance in 2015. In recent years, with the increasing labor exports and foreign exchanges, imported malaria has been on the rise. African countries are the main sources of imported malaria, and the main species is P.falciparum. Conclusions　Malaria was once one of the main infectious diseases endangering the health of people in Huangshi City. The preventive and control methods and procedures adopted in different epidemic periods are effective. Currently, we have entered the consolidation phase of malaria elimination, with the focus of work being to monitor, report, and timely and effectively respond to imported malaria cases, thus reducing the risk of local transmission.

Effect and significance of viral proteins regulating activity of retroelement long interspersed element 1 / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Abstract：Long interspersed element⁃1（LINE⁃1）is the only known active and autonomously transposable retroelement in human cells，which is related to autoimmune diseases and plays important roles in activating and regulating the antiviral innate immunity of cells，especially the level of interferon（IFN）. This paper reviews the mechanisms of several non ⁃ structural proteins from human immunodeficiency virus（HIV），hepatitis B virus（HBV）and other viruses participating in the regulation of LINE ⁃ 1 activity. These mechanisms not only ensure the normal expression of viral genome，but also participate in the cellular innate immunity regulation，the inhibition of which may provide new strategies to develop treatments of diseases caused by viruses.

Clinical evaluation of two dental bleaching techniques / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To clinically evaluate the bleaching effect, tooth sensitivity and rebound effect (3-month follow-up) of combined bleaching technique and deep bleaching technique. @*Methods@#30 Patients were recruited according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Both two dental bleaching techniques, included in-office bleaching followed by at-home bleaching, and at-home bleaching followed by in-office bleaching and at-home bleaching, which were called combined bleaching technique and deep bleaching technique, respectively, were performed in the same mouth in each subject. All subjects received at-home bleaching with 6% hydrogen peroxide (HP) for 1 h/d within 7 days on one side of the dental arch (15 on the left side and the other on the right side), and followed by three 8-minute in-office bleaching treatments in succession with 35% HP on the maxillary anterior teeth, and finally with identical at-home bleaching on the maxillary anterior teeth. Tooth color was objectively evaluated using Olympus Crystaleye Spectrophotometer at the baseline appointment, and 1st, 7th, 30th and 90th day after treatment. The soft tissues and sensitivity of gingival and hard tooth tissues were evaluated using Loe and Silness Gingival Index and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at baseline, 1st and 7th day after treatment. @*Results@#Significantly less prominent color change and tooth sensitivity were observed in teeth received combined bleaching technique, compared with those received deep bleaching technique (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in color rebound effect between the two bleaching techniques (P > 0.05). @*Conclusions@#Both combined bleaching technique and deep bleaching technique show satisfactory effects and the same rebound effect during the same periods of follow-up. Deep bleaching technique is a more effective method of bleaching, however, with high frequency of tooth sensitivity.

Clinical evaluation of two dental bleaching techniques / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To clinically evaluate the bleaching effect, tooth sensitivity and rebound effect (3-month follow-up) of combined bleaching technique and deep bleaching technique. @*Methods@#30 Patients were recruited according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Both two dental bleaching techniques, included in-office bleaching followed by at-home bleaching, and at-home bleaching followed by in-office bleaching and at-home bleaching, which were called combined bleaching technique and deep bleaching technique, respectively, were performed in the same mouth in each subject. All subjects received at-home bleaching with 6% hydrogen peroxide (HP) for 1 h/d within 7 days on one side of the dental arch (15 on the left side and the other on the right side), and followed by three 8-minute in-office bleaching treatments in succession with 35% HP on the maxillary anterior teeth, and finally with identical at-home bleaching on the maxillary anterior teeth. Tooth color was objectively evaluated using Olympus Crystaleye Spectrophotometer at the baseline appointment, and 1st, 7th, 30th and 90th day after treatment. The soft tissues and sensitivity of gingival and hard tooth tissues were evaluated using Loe and Silness Gingival Index and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at baseline, 1st and 7th day after treatment. @*Results @#Significantly less prominent color change and tooth sensitivity were observed in teeth received combined bleaching technique, compared with those received deep bleaching technique (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in color rebound effect between the two bleaching techniques (P > 0.05). @*Conclusions @#Both combined bleaching technique and deep bleaching technique show satisfactory effects and the same rebound effect during the same periods of follow-up. Deep bleaching technique is a more effective method of bleaching, however, with high frequency of tooth sensitivity.

Research advances of histone deacetylases in inflammatory respiratory diseases / 解放军医学杂志

Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are pivotal enzymes in many physiological processes widely expressed in almost all tissues including chromatin remodeling,regulation of protein transcription,cell cycle,aging,oxidative stress,inflammation and expression of immune genes.Recent studies indicated that the equilibrium state of histone acetylation and deacetylation is closely related to respiratory tract inflammation,and the unbalanced expression of HDAC could induce the expression of genes related to the inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress.Now the structure and classification of HDAC and the updated results on HDAC in the inflammatory respiratory diseases are herewith reviewed in present paper.

Clinical assessment of 252Californium neutron intracavitary brachytherapy using a two-channel Y applicator combined with external beam radiotherapy for endometrial cancer

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of 252Californium neutron intracavitary brachytherapy using a two-channel Y applicator combined with external beam radiotherapy for the treatment of endometrial cancer. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with stage I-III endometrial cancer were recruited for this study. The stage I patients received only 252Californium neutron intracavitary brachytherapy with a two-channel applicator. The stage II and III patients received both 252Californium neutron intracavitary brachytherapy using a two-channel applicator and parallel-opposed whole pelvic radiotherapy. RESULTS: The five-year local control rate was 80.6% (25/31), the overall survival rate was 51.6% (16/31), and the disease-free survival rate was 54.8% (17/31). The incidence of serious late complications was 12.9% (4/31). CONCLUSIONS: 252Californium neutron intracavitary brachytherapy using a two-channel applicator combined with external beam radiotherapy was effective for treating endometrial cancer and the incidence of serious late complications related to this combination was within an acceptable range.

Prenatal diagnosis and clinical counseling for fetal chromosomal reciprocal translocations / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the clinical effect of fetal chromosomal reciprocal translocation in order to optimize procedures for prenatal diagnosis and clinical counseling.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Conventional G-banding karyotype analysis was performed on 7901 amniotic fluid samples. For fetuses found to have carried a reciprocal translocation, karyotypes of their parents were checked. Fetuses with de novo translocations also underwent microarray analysis to exclude small deletions, and were subjected to prenatal ultrasound monitoring till birth and one year follow-up. Those with de novo translocations were followed till 3 years old.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 24 fetal reciprocal translocations have been identified, which gave a detection rate of 0.30%. Analysis of parental karyotypes has found reciprocal translocations in 17 cases, including 9 maternal and 8 paternal cases. The remaining 4 were of de novo mutations, for which parental examination was refused in three cases. For fetuses with inherited translocations, prenatal ultrasound monitoring and follow-up results were all normal. For those with de novo translocations, although gene chip analysis has failed to detect copy number variations (CNVs), prenatal ultrasound and follow-up results had found three with abnormal outcome. These included 1 case with reciprocal translocation involving the X chromosome and an autosome.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For prenatally detected reciprocal chromosome translocations, parental origin should be traced. Gene chip analysis can help to exclude small deletions and duplications. However, ultrasound monitoring and follow-up after birth are equally important. Based on comprehensive analysis of the results of combined testing, accurate counseling can be provided.</p>

SNP-chip technology for identification of origins for prenatally detected marker chromosomes / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the origin of 1 prenatally detected small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) using SNP-chip technology, and to deduce the underlying mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The fetal sample was subjected to karyotype analysis. The identified sSMC was subjected to genom wide scan using a SNP microarray chip. The results were validated with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The karyotype of the fetus was determined as 46, X, +mar, which was verified by SNP microarray chip analysis as Yp11.2-11.3 duplication, along with loss of Yq11.2 region, FISH analysis has confirmed that the sSMC has derived from the Y chromosome.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The karyotype of the fetus was determined as 46, X, idic(Y) (pter→ p11.2::11.2→ pter). Regional deletion of Yq11.2 has been associated with male azoospermia. SNP chip analysis can exclude minor deletions and duplications with a size of more than 1 Mb, which may be applied for verifying difficult cases as well as microdeletion and duplication syndromes upon prenatal diagnosis.</p>

Normal skin and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts differentially regulate collagen and fibronectin expression as well as mitochondrial membrane potential in response to basic fibroblast growth factor

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) regulates skin wound healing; however, the underlying mechanism remains to be defined. In the present study, we determined the effects of bFGF on the regulation of cell growth as well as collagen and fibronectin expression in fibroblasts from normal human skin and from hypertrophic scars. We then explored the involvement of mitochondria in mediating bFGF-inducedeffects on the fibroblasts. We isolated and cultivated normal and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts from tissue biopsies of patients who underwent plastic surgery for repairing hypertrophic scars. The fibroblasts were then treated with different concentrations of bFGF (ranging from 0.1 to 1000 ng/mL). The growth of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts became slower with selective inhibition of type I collagen production after exposure to bFGF. However, type III collagen expression was affected in both normal and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. Moreover, fibronectin expression in the normal fibroblasts was up-regulated after bFGF treatment. bFGF (1000 ng/mL) also induced mitochondrial depolarization in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (P < 0.01). The cellular ATP level decreased in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (P < 0.05), while it increased in the normal fibroblasts following treatment with bFGF (P < 0.01). These data suggest that bFGF has differential effects and mechanisms on fibroblasts of the normal skin and hypertrophic scars, indicating that bFGF may play a role in the early phase of skin wound healing and post-burn scar formation.